0 degree F = 255.372 Kelvins
32 degree F = 273.15 Kelvins
70 degree F = 294.261 Kelvins
212 degree F = 373.15 Kelvins
The atoms slow down as the molecule cools off and approaches 0 K. The hydrogen molecules are attracted to each other.
Oxygen changes to liquid at 50 K and a pressure of 0.00 ATM
Science Standards
C.4.4 Use simple science equipment safely and effectively, including rulers, balances, graduated cylinders, hand lenses, thermometers, and computers, to collect data relevant to questions and investigations
D.4.3. Understand that substances can exist in different states-solid, liquid, gas
Visualizing Chemistry BLOG!
Sunday, January 20, 2013
Thursday, January 17, 2013
ACTIVITY 5
Density: mass per unit volume.
Equation:
Mystery Blocks:
A: GOLD Mass= 65.14 kg Volume=3.38L Density=19.27
B: WATER Mass=.64kg Volume=.64L Density=1.00
C: WATER Mass=4.08 kg Volume=4.08L Density=1.00
D: WATER Mass=3.10kg Volume=3.10L Density=1.00
E: DIAMOND Mass=3.53kg Volume=1.00L Density=3.53
C: WATER Mass=4.08 kg Volume=4.08L Density=1.00
D: WATER Mass=3.10kg Volume=3.10L Density=1.00
E: DIAMOND Mass=3.53kg Volume=1.00L Density=3.53
Sunday, January 13, 2013
Activity FOUR
Activity FOUR
A.4.5 When studying a science-related problem, decide what
changes over time are occurring or have occurred
In this
class, I met this standard when I saw the change in states of matter in activity
one. I observed the change from liquid to solid in water. I timed how long it
took for this change to occur. After this, I observed the change and concluded
that the water was no longer liquid.
B.4.1 Use encyclopedias, source books, texts, computers,
teachers, parents, other adults, journals, popular press, and various other
sources, to help answer science-related questions and plan investigations
In my biology
class, I used the text book and other outside sources to complete assignments
to meet this standard. Sometimes the answer to a question was not clearly
defined in the course textbook. I would
go to the library to look for further information. I also asked the professor
and fellow classmates if I was unable to locate information via text.
C.4.4 Use simple science equipment safely and effectively,
including rulers, balances, graduated cylinders, hand lenses, thermometers, and
computers, to collect data relevant to questions and investigations
In this
class, I met this standard during activity one. I used a thermometer, measuring
utensils, and a computer to complete the activity. I used a thermometer to test
the temperature of the water before I began boiling or freezing it. I used my
computer to record data and research information.
D.4.3. Understand that substances can exist in different
states-solid, liquid, gas
During
this class, activity one met this standard. I boiled and froze water in order
to observe how a substance changes from different states of matter. This
activity helped me understand the process that matter goes through to change. I
also showed me the different states of matter.
E.4.1 Investigate that earth materials are composed of rocks
and soils and correctly use the vocabulary for rocks, minerals, and soils
during these investigations
In my
geology class, we met this standard with almost every assignment. I observed
rocks and soil. I researched and identified rock cycles. I memorized vocabulary
words and used them on assignments and quizzes.
F.4.1 Discover* how each organism meets its basic needs for
water, nutrients, protection, and energy* in order to survive
In my
biology class, I met this standard by observing organisms in their natural
environment. I went to a creek in Menomonie and collected water samples that
contained different organisms. I recorded observations and took pictures.
After, I researched the different organisms and learned more about their way of
survival.
G.4.3 Determine what science discoveries have led to changes
in technologies that are being used in the workplace by someone employed
locally
In my
food technologies class, I learned about different technologies and how they
have changed through the years. I learned that since discovering what
temperature meat needs to be cooked at in order to be safe to eat, ovens and
microwaves have gotten more advanced. I also talked to a local restaurant owner
and asked him how cooking devices have changed in the last twenty years.
H.4.3 Show* how science has contributed to meeting personal
needs, including hygiene, nutrition, exercise, safety, and health care
In my
food science class, I met this standard by writing a short essay on the effects
of nutrition and exercise in a young child’s daily life. Good nutrition and
plenty of exercise have a positive effect on children and allow them to lead a
healthier lifestyle. Science helps us know what nutrients our bodies need and
how much they need.
1. What do you see are big changes compared to the previous
standards?
I noticed that the content is more challenging for such a
young age. It seems like they are introducing harder concepts sooner than the
previous standards did. They also incorporate more technology than the previous
standards, probably because students today are more used to technology than in
the past.
2. How are these standards connected to the other disciplines
such as math and literacy?
Science goes hand in hand with math and literacy. Students
need to write hypotheses and explain
their conclusions thoroughly. Students are also required to graph data and
solve equations. These standards successfully try to include all the subjects
together so that the students are learning the most they can.
3. What do you see will be challenges for teachers when
considering some of the changes in the proposed science standards?
As a
future teacher, I think it will be challenging trying to learn new standards
and shaping my lesson plans to reflect the new standards. It will also be a
challenge to keep the students focused and ready to learn. Change is always
difficult, but in the long run it will be better for the students.
Activity THREE
ACTIVITY THREE
Water
H2O
Oxidane
H2O
Oxidane
Salt
NaCl
Sodium chloride
NaCl
Sodium chloride
Ammonia
NH3
Azane
NH3
Azane
1. Common Name: Hairspray
IUPAC Name: Methoxymethane
Molecular Formula: CH3OCH3
IUPAC Name: Methoxymethane
Molecular Formula: CH3OCH3
2. Common Name: Deodorant
IUPAC Name: 1-(1-butoxypropan-2-yloxy)propan-2-ol
Molecular Formula: C10H22O3
Molecular Formula: C10H22O3
3. Common Name: Aspirin
IUPAC Name: acetylsalicylic acid
Molecular Formula: C9H8O4
IUPAC Name: acetylsalicylic acid
Molecular Formula: C9H8O4
4. Common Name: Alcohol
IUPAC Name: ethanol
Molecular Formula: C2H5OH
IUPAC Name: ethanol
Molecular Formula: C2H5OH
5. Common Name: Sugar
IUPAC Name: (2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2S,3S,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
Molecular Formula: C12H22O1
IUPAC Name: (2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2S,3S,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
Molecular Formula: C12H22O1
6. Common Name: Bleach
IUPAC Name: sodium hypochlorite
Molecular Formula: NaClO
IUPAC Name: sodium hypochlorite
Molecular Formula: NaClO
7. Common Name: Windex
IUPAC Name: Ammonia
Molecular Formula: NH4OH
Molecular Formula: NH4OH
8. Common name: Sun-tan Lotion
IUPAC Name: 4-Aminobenzoic acid
Molecular Formula: C7H7NO2
IUPAC Name: 4-Aminobenzoic acid
Molecular Formula: C7H7NO2
9. Common Name: Caffeine
IUPAC Name: 1,3,7-trimethyl-1H-purine-2,6(3H,7H)-dione 3,7-dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione
Molecular Formula: C8H10N4O2
Molecular Formula: C8H10N4O2
10. Common Name: Gas
IUPAC Name: Propane
Molecular Formula: C3H8
Molecular Formula: C3H8
11. Common Name: Chalk
IUPAC Name: calcium carbonate
Molecular Formula: CaCO3
IUPAC Name: calcium carbonate
Molecular Formula: CaCO3
12. Common Name: Face Wash
IUPAC Name: Benzoyl peroxide
Molecular Formula: C14H10O4
IUPAC Name: Benzoyl peroxide
Molecular Formula: C14H10O4
13. Common Name: Toothpaste
IUPAC Name: Sodium Fluoride
Molecular Formula: NaF
IUPAC Name: Sodium Fluoride
Molecular Formula: NaF
14. Common Name: Perfume
IUPAC Name: 3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadiene acetate
Molecular Formula: C12H20O2
IUPAC Name: 3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadiene acetate
Molecular Formula: C12H20O2
15. Common Name: Egg Shells
IUPAC Name: Calcium carbonate
Molecular Formula: CaCO3
IUPAC Name: Calcium carbonate
Molecular Formula: CaCO3
16. Common Name: Baking Soda
IUPAC Name: Sodium Hydrogen carbonate
Molecular Formula: NaHCO3
Molecular Formula: NaHCO3
17. Common Name: Antifreeze
IUPAC Name: ethylene glycol
Molecular Formula: C2H6O2
Molecular Formula: C2H6O2
18. Common Name: Mascara
IUPAC Name: Dodecane
Molecular Formula: CH3(CH2)10CH3
IUPAC Name: Dodecane
Molecular Formula: CH3(CH2)10CH3
19. Common Name: Baking Powder
IUPAC Name: Sodium bicarbonate
Molecular Formula: NaHCO3
IUPAC Name: Sodium bicarbonate
Molecular Formula: NaHCO3
20. Common Name: Easy On
IUPAC Name: sodium hydroxide
Molecular Formula: NaOH
Molecular Formula: NaOH
Look over your molecules and the bonding characteristics,
how many bonds does each of the following elements typically have?
Carbon has 4. Hydrogen has 1. Oxygen has 2. This is because it’s
how many electrons each element needs to fill its outer shell.
What does IUPAC stand for?
International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
As you explore ingredients, notice how everything around
us is made up of chemicals consisting of atoms bound together into
molecules. But what about companies that
claim their products are chemical free! How can this be?
There is no such thing as “chemical free” because all things
are made up of chemicals at a molecular level. Everything from egg shells to hairspray
is made up of chemicals. Some products may not have added harmful chemicals and
tried to keep the product as natural as possible, but they still technically
contain chemicals.
ACTIVITY TWO
ACTIVITY TWO
Hydrogen:
Atomic Number: 1
Atomic Mass: 1.01
Atomic Mass: 1.01
Subatomic Particles: 1 proton and 1 electron
Lithium:
Atomic Number: 3
Atomic Mass: 6.94
Atomic Mass: 6.94
Subatomic Particles: 3 protons, 3 electrons, 3 neutrons
Carbon:
Atomic Number: 6
Atomic Mass: 12.01
Atomic Mass: 12.01
Subatomic Particles: 6 protons, 6 electrons, 6 neutrons
4. How would you make an isotope
for one of your models? What would
change with the model?
Add or take away neutrons. It
doesn’t change the atomic number, but changes the atomic mass. The model would
have less apples.
5. Considering the overall volume
of your element models, what makes up most of the volume of an atom?
Empty space takes up most of the
volume, but the nucleus (neutrons and protons) makes up most of the mass of an
atom.
6. For one of your models, show
with another image what happens when energy excites an electron.
7. Once the electron is excited,
what do we typically observe when the electron returns to the
ground-state?
When an electron drops from a
higher energy level to a lower energy level it releases a photon and we observe
light.
8. Why are some elements
different colors when they are excited? Hint: when electrons are excited (by
something like heat from an explosive) they move up to another orbital and when
they fall back they release the energy in the form of light.
We observe different colors
because when an electron drops from one energy level to another, the light
emitted depends on which energy level the electron was at and which energy
level the electron went to.
9. With the Fourth of July coming
up quickly, explain how the colors of fireworks arise.
When a firework ignites it makes
the electrons go to higher levels. We see this energy in the form of
colored light.
10. Explain the overall organizational structure
of the periodic table.
The periodic table is organized
in rows and columns. Column one is alkali metals. Column two is alkaline earth
metals. Columns three through twelve are transition metals. Columns thirteen
through sixteen are semiconductors, and the groups that make up these columns
are diagonal. Column seventeen is halogens and column eighteen is noble gases.
11. List two example elements for
each of these groups or classes:
Alkali Metals: Lithium and Sodium
Alkaline Earth: Calcium and
Magnesium
Halogens: Fluorine and Chlorine
Noble Gases: Neon and Helium
Transition Metals: Copper and
Zinc
Non-Metals: Carbon and Oxygen
Metalloids: Boron and Silicon
Sunday, January 6, 2013
Activity ONE
Three experimental questions to answer:
1. Does hot water or cold water freeze faster?
2. Does hot water or cold water boil faster?
3. Does salt water freeze faster or slower than regular
water?
Materials and Set up:
Experiment ONE:
-HYPOTHESIS: I hypothesize that the cold water will freeze
faster than hot water. I predict that the cold water will freeze first because
it is closer to a freezing temperature than the hot water.
DATA
|
Boiling Test
|
||
|
|
Cold Water
|
Hot Water
|
|
First Trial
|
|
x
|
|
Second Trial
|
|
x
|
|
Third Trial
|
|
x
|
I observed the hot water boiled faster than the cold water
every time. The time it took for the hot water versus the cold water to boil
was about a 20 second difference each trial.
-HYPOTHESIS: I hypothesize that the hot water will boil
faster than the cold water. I predict that the hot water will boil first
because it is closer to a boiling temperature than the cold water.
DATA:
|
Freeze Test
|
||
|
|
Cold Water
|
Hot Water
|
|
First Trial
|
X
|
|
|
Second Trial
|
X
|
|
|
Third Trial
|
|
X
|
I observed that the cold water froze faster than the hot
water a majority of the time, but it did not freeze exceptionally faster than
the hot water.
-HYPOTHESIS: I hypothesize that the regular water will
freeze before the salt water. I predict this will happen because we put salt on
icy roads to make them melt faster—not
freeze.
DATA
|
Salt Water Test
|
||
|
|
Salt Water
|
Regular Water
|
|
First Trial
|
|
x
|
|
Second Trial
|
|
x
|
|
Third Trial
|
|
x
|
I observed that the regular water froze faster than the salt
water every time.
Controlled Variables:
-Amount of water
-Temperature of freezer
-Temperature of stove
-Amount of water
-Temperature of freezer
-Temperature of stove
My theory for these experiments is that when water is
already near the temperature you are trying to get it to, it boils or freezes
faster. Because the water was already hot, it boiled faster than cold water and
because the water was already cold, it froze faster than hot water. The speed
of the water molecules affects the time in which water freezes or boils.
The scientific method is a series of steps to acquire
knowledge and test a theory or hypothesis. The steps are to hypothesize, predict,
experiment, observe, and conclude. In this experiment I hypothesized what would
happen to the water. I made predictions of why something would happen. I conducted
experiments and made observations. Lastly, I drew a conclusion from my data
which led to a theory.
I noticed that my data was consistent and repetitive throughout
all the experiments.
I began
this activity by hypothesizing what I believed the results would be of each
experiment. After making a hypothesis, I planned out my experiments. I gathered
materials and made a procedure for each experiment. Once I conducted the
experiments I learned that the speed of the water molecules affects the time in
which water freezes or boils.
For
this activity, I broke the questions into three separate experiments. For each experiment,
I made a hypothesis and data table. The data tables are broke into two columns
and three rows. I made checks next to the water that boiled or froze fastest.
For the actual experiments, I measured out two cups of water. I added three
table spoons of salt to the water and let it dissolve. When I boiled the water,
I watched two separate pots until one started boiling. When I froze the water,
I frequently checked on the containers to see which one was starting freeze
first. These experiments led to the conclusion that hot water boils faster than
cold water, cold water freezes faster than hot water, and regular water freezes
faster than salt water.
I can
relate the information I learned from this activity to real-world situations.
In the winter, we put salt on the roads and sidewalks to increase the freezing
temperature of the water and allow the ice to melt for safety reasons. When I
make spaghetti, I will now begin with warm water when I start boiling the
noodles.
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